H.J. Res. 146 (119th)Bill Overview

Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States requiring Members of Congress to demonstrate competence in American civics.

Congress|Congress
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Jan 30, 2026
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief

This proposed constitutional amendment would require Members of Congress to demonstrate competence in American civics via an examination established by Congress every ten years tied to the census cycle.

Each House would publish the exam questions and answers in its Journal, provide free administration and certificates, and allow newly elected or appointed members a post-election opportunity to demonstrate competence.

No person could serve as Representative or Senator without demonstrating competence under the exam in effect at their election or appointment.

Passage6/100

Altering qualifications and curtailing presidential approval are constitutionally significant and require broad bipartisan consensus unlikely for such structural change.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill plainly establishes a new constitutional qualification—requiring Members of Congress to demonstrate civics competence—and prescribes a recurring exam framework together with publication and certification obligations. The text supplies some high-level administrative assignments but leaves numerous critical implementation, fiscal, legal-integration, and safeguards unspecified.

Contention70/100

Left sees disenfranchisement and politicization risks

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Who this appears to help vs burden50% / 50%
Targeted stakeholdersTargeted stakeholders
Likely helped
  • Targeted stakeholdersEstablishes a uniform baseline of civics knowledge among Members, potentially improving legislative competence.
  • Targeted stakeholdersMay increase public confidence by showing elected officials meet a documented civics standard.
  • Targeted stakeholdersEncourages consistent civics standards and transparency by publishing exam questions and answers.
Likely burdened
  • Targeted stakeholdersCreates a legal eligibility barrier that may reduce the pool of potential candidates.
  • Targeted stakeholdersMay be politicized, with test content and administration subject to majority or partisan control.
  • Targeted stakeholdersAdds administrative costs and operational burdens for test development, administration, and recordkeeping.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Left sees disenfranchisement and politicization risks
Progressive20%

Liberal observers would be skeptical or opposed, viewing the amendment as a potential barrier to democratic representation.

They would acknowledge goals of civic knowledge but worry about discriminatory application, politicization, and unequal impacts on marginalized candidates.

Likely resistant
Centrist50%

Centrists would weigh the principle of competent representation against practical and legal risks.

They would see merit in setting a civic baseline but want objective standards, clear procedures, and protections against politicization.

Split reaction
Conservative80%

Mainstream conservatives would generally support raising civic standards for lawmakers and protecting the Constitution, while favoring limited testing scope.

Some would warn against expanding federal bureaucracy or burdensome procedures, but many would welcome greater civic fidelity.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood6/100

Altering qualifications and curtailing presidential approval are constitutionally significant and require broad bipartisan consensus unlikely for such structural change.

Scope and complexity
86%
Scopesweeping
52%
Complexitymedium
Why this could stall
  • Exact legal tests and standards for 'competence' are unspecified
  • How Congress would implement exams and who administers them
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Left sees disenfranchisement and politicization risks

Altering qualifications and curtailing presidential approval are constitutionally significant and require broad bipartisan consensus unlike…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill plainly establishes a new constitutional qualification—requiring Members of Congress to demonstrate civics competence—and prescribes a recurring exam framework togeth…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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