H.R. 3395 (119th)Bill Overview

Middle Market IPO Cost Act

Finance and Financial Sector|Accounting and auditingCongressional oversight
Cosponsors
Support
Lean Republican
Introduced
May 14, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief

Requires the Comptroller General (GAO), in consultation with the SEC and FINRA, to study the costs small- and medium-sized companies face when doing an initial public offering.

The study must consider direct and indirect IPO costs, compare IPO costs to alternative financing, assess impacts on capital formation and retail investor access, analyze trends (underwriter fees, broker participation, research availability, litigation costs), and deliver a report with findings and recommendations within 360 days of enactment.

Passage85/100

Very likely given narrow technical scope, minimal cost, bipartisan-friendly design, and routine acceptance of GAO studies; procedural Senate risks remain.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a well-defined and specific statutory study mandate: it assigns responsibility to the Comptroller General, prescribes consultation partners, enumerates detailed study topics, and sets a firm reporting deadline. These elements make the bill structurally appropriate for a Congressional request for analysis.

Contention55/100

Left emphasizes exposing fees and protecting retail access

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Who this appears to help vs burden50% / 50%
Targeted stakeholdersTargeted stakeholders
Likely helped
  • Targeted stakeholdersProvides a comprehensive evidence base to inform IPO-related policymaking and regulation.
  • Targeted stakeholdersCould identify reforms reducing IPO costs, potentially increasing capital formation and job creation.
  • Targeted stakeholdersMay improve retail investor access to small- and medium-sized company securities.
Likely burdened
  • Targeted stakeholdersStudy findings might prompt deregulatory changes that increase investor risk.
  • Targeted stakeholdersGAO may face limited access to proprietary fee agreements and confidential market data.
  • Targeted stakeholdersThe mandated 360-day deadline may produce an incomplete or hurried analysis.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Left emphasizes exposing fees and protecting retail access
Progressive75%

Likely supportive as a necessary evidence-gathering step to identify barriers that limit small/medium company access to public markets.

Sees potential to expose excessive fees, conflicts of interest, and shrinking research coverage for smaller firms.

Concerns include industry influence over study outcomes and that a study alone may delay needed reforms; subsequent policy action remains speculative.

Leans supportive
Centrist80%

Generally favorable as an evidence-based approach to inform policymaking without immediate regulatory change.

Values GAO's independence and the consultative role of SEC and FINRA.

Will watch for duplication of existing research, clarity of scope, and a concrete timeline for actionable recommendations.

Leans supportive
Conservative35%

Skeptical about creating another federal study; concerned it may be a pretext for new regulation or expanded oversight.

However, might accept a narrow GAO study if focused on identifying burdens that impede capital formation and if explicitly non-prescriptive.

Will want assurances the study won't be used to justify burdensome mandates.

Likely resistant
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood85/100

Very likely given narrow technical scope, minimal cost, bipartisan-friendly design, and routine acceptance of GAO studies; procedural Senate risks remain.

Scope and complexity
24%
Scopenarrow
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • Actual GAO resource and cost estimate not provided
  • Potential overlap with existing or ongoing SEC/FINRA analyses
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Left emphasizes exposing fees and protecting retail access

Very likely given narrow technical scope, minimal cost, bipartisan-friendly design, and routine acceptance of GAO studies; procedural Senat…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a well-defined and specific statutory study mandate: it assigns responsibility to the Comptroller General, prescribes consultation partners, enumerates detailed st…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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