H.R. 4459 (119th)Bill Overview

MINT Act of 2025

Finance and Financial Sector|Finance and Financial Sector
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Jul 16, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the House Committee on Financial Services.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief

The bill (Modernize and Improve our National Tender Act of 2025 or MINT Act of 2025) amends 31 U.S.C. § 5112 to allow an alternative composition and slight weight range for the 5-cent coin (including a zinc inner layer and nickel outer layer) and to permit the Secretary of the Treasury to prescribe such compositions after testing to reduce production cost.

It also directs the Secretary to cease production of the one-cent coin (the penny), while allowing the Mint to continue producing pennies for sale as numismatic items, and preserves the legal-tender status of pennies minted before enactment.

The statutory language changes several specification clauses to accommodate the new allowable composition/weight options for coins.

Passage45/100

On substance the bill is narrowly focused, administrable, and framed as a cost-reduction/technical change — features that favor passage. Countervailing factors include symbolic resistance to eliminating the penny, stakeholder pushback (metals industry, retailers, vending machine operators), the absence of detailed cost or implementation analysis in the text, and Senate procedural hurdles. The bill could advance if attached to a larger package or accompanied by bipartisan outreach and impact mitigation, but standing alone its path is uncertain.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill performs as a focused substantive change to coinage law: it amends statutory language to permit an alternative 5-cent composition and orders cessation of one-cent production while preserving existing pennies as legal tender. The statutory edits are concrete where they address coin specifications but leave many implementation, fiscal, and cross-reference issues unspecified.

Contention25/100

Distributional impacts and cash-rounding protections: liberals emphasize protecting low-income cash users; conservatives less concerned and focus on cost savings.

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Who this appears to help vs burden50% / 50%
Targeted stakeholdersConsumers
Likely helped
  • Targeted stakeholdersReduces Mint production costs and government losses on coin production by enabling lower-cost materials and eliminating…
  • Targeted stakeholdersDecreases demand for copper (used in pennies) and possibly nickel, which could lower raw-material procurement costs and…
  • Targeted stakeholdersLowers handling and transaction costs for businesses and banks over time by removing the penny from circulation (fewer…
Likely burdened
  • Targeted stakeholdersImposes one-time and recurring costs on private sector stakeholders (vending machines, coin-operated devices, parking m…
  • Targeted stakeholdersCould cause modest job impacts at Mint facilities or suppliers that produce pennies or current nickel compositions if p…
  • ConsumersMay produce distributive effects from cash-rounding practices after penny elimination that could disproportionately aff…
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Distributional impacts and cash-rounding protections: liberals emphasize protecting low-income cash users; conservatives less concerned and focus on cost savings.
Progressive75%

A mainstream progressive would generally welcome steps that reduce wasteful government spending and environmental costs, so eliminating penny production is likely to be seen positively.

However, they would be concerned about distributional effects of removing the penny (cash rounding) and want safeguards to protect low-income consumers and small retailers.

They would also scrutinize the environmental and labor implications of any new metal composition and want transparent testing and reporting requirements.

Leans supportive
Centrist70%

A pragmatic centrist would likely view the bill as a modest, technocratic modernization intended to reduce avoidable cost, and would be open to it if implementation details are handled carefully.

They would look for evidence that production savings are material and expect clear transition plans to avoid unintended burdens on businesses and consumers.

The absence of detailed implementation rules is a concern but not necessarily a dealbreaker.

Leans supportive
Conservative85%

A mainstream conservative would generally favor eliminating what is viewed as wasteful federal spending and supporting measures that reduce government cost and modernize operations.

They would likely back the minting flexibility to lower production costs, while wanting minimal new federal regulatory burdens or mandates on private industry.

Concerns would focus on any hidden costs that shift burdens to businesses or taxpayers and on preserving market functioning.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood45/100

On substance the bill is narrowly focused, administrable, and framed as a cost-reduction/technical change — features that favor passage. Countervailing factors include symbolic resistance to eliminating the penny, stakeholder pushback (metals industry, retailers, vending machine operators), the absence of detailed cost or implementation analysis in the text, and Senate procedural hurdles. The bill could advance if attached to a larger package or accompanied by bipartisan outreach and impact mitigation, but standing alone its path is uncertain.

Scope and complexity
24%
Scopenarrow
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • No cost estimate or fiscal analysis is included in the bill text; unknown net savings or transition costs could materially affect support.
  • The bill lacks implementation details such as timing/phase-out schedule, rounding rules for cash transactions, or retrofit requirements for coin-accepting machines — omissions that could prompt amendments or stakeholder opposition.
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Distributional impacts and cash-rounding protections: liberals emphasize protecting low-income cash users; conservatives less concerned and…

On substance the bill is narrowly focused, administrable, and framed as a cost-reduction/technical change — features that favor passage. Co…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill performs as a focused substantive change to coinage law: it amends statutory language to permit an alternative 5-cent composition and orders cessation of one-cent pro…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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