S. 1097 (119th)Bill Overview

Interagency Patent Coordination and Improvement Act of 2025

Commerce|Administrative remediesCommerce
Cosponsors
Support
Bipartisan
Introduced
Mar 24, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 41.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief

This bill amends title 35 to create an Interagency Task Force on Patents between the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) focused on patents for human drugs and biological products.

It requires a memorandum of understanding, staff appointments from both agencies, processes for sharing technical and non-public information (with confidentiality protocols and 30-day sponsor notice), USPTO assistance in FDA patent listing, and a report to Congress within four years on information-sharing frequency, usefulness, and recommended changes.

Passage65/100

A narrow, administrative coordination bill with built‑in safeguards and limited fiscal impact has a reasonable chance, though pharma confidentiality and legal pushback add uncertainty.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a reasonably well-constructed commission/reporting measure: it establishes an interagency Task Force with specified functions and a required 4‑year report, integrates with existing patent law, and includes confidentiality safeguards.

Contention60/100

Progressives emphasize public-health and preventing weak patents; conservatives emphasize USPTO independence risks.

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Who this appears to help vs burden50% / 50%
Targeted stakeholdersTargeted stakeholders
Likely helped
  • Targeted stakeholdersPatent examiners gain access to FDA data, likely improving examination accuracy for drugs and biologics.
  • Targeted stakeholdersBetter information sharing could reduce issuance of erroneous patents and downstream litigation costs.
  • Targeted stakeholdersEnhanced coordination may improve accuracy and timeliness of patent listings on FDA records.
Likely burdened
  • Targeted stakeholdersEstablishing and operating the task force creates additional administrative burden for USPTO and FDA.
  • Targeted stakeholdersSharing nonpublic FDA information raises risk of inadvertent disclosure of confidential commercial data.
  • Targeted stakeholdersSponsors must be given 30-day notice and may incur procedural burdens or delays managing consultations.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Progressives emphasize public-health and preventing weak patents; conservatives emphasize USPTO independence risks.
Progressive80%

Likely broadly supportive because the Task Force aims to improve patent-examination accuracy for drugs and biologics, potentially reducing weak or abusive patents that raise drug prices.

They will welcome interagency data sharing, but watch carefully for adequate public-interest safeguards and remedies for confidentiality breaches.

Leans supportive
Centrist70%

Generally favorable but pragmatic; sees potential for improved patent quality and fewer litigated errors if implemented sensibly.

Concerned about administrative burden, costs, and legal/confidentiality risks; would seek clear protocols, pilot implementation and measurable outcomes.

Leans supportive
Conservative25%

Skeptical: views the bill as expanding interagency bureaucracy and creating avenues for regulatory entanglement in patent determinations.

Concerned that USPTO independence could be undermined and that sharing non-public sponsor communications may chill investment and innovation.

Likely resistant
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood65/100

A narrow, administrative coordination bill with built‑in safeguards and limited fiscal impact has a reasonable chance, though pharma confidentiality and legal pushback add uncertainty.

Scope and complexity
24%
Scopenarrow
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • Industry reaction to sharing nonpublic FDA–sponsor communications
  • Absence of an explicit cost estimate or staffing authorization
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Progressives emphasize public-health and preventing weak patents; conservatives emphasize USPTO independence risks.

A narrow, administrative coordination bill with built‑in safeguards and limited fiscal impact has a reasonable chance, though pharma confid…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a reasonably well-constructed commission/reporting measure: it establishes an interagency Task Force with specified functions and a required 4‑year report, integra…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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