S. 1594 (119th)Bill Overview

Captive Primate Safety Act

Animals|Animals
Cosponsors
Support
Democratic
Introduced
May 5, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Read twice and referred to the Committee on Environment and Public Works.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief

This bill amends the Lacey Act to add a definition of “prohibited primate species” (all live nonhuman primates and hybrids) and to make it unlawful to import, export, transport, sell, receive, acquire, purchase, breed, or possess those species in interstate or foreign commerce, with limited exceptions.

Exceptions include transient custody for transport to authorized entities, existing animals born before enactment if registered within 180 days and subject to breeding and public-contact restrictions, and USDA-registered research facilities.

The Secretary of the Interior must promulgate implementing regulations within 180 days, and technical edits update subpoena wording and cross-references in the Lacey Act.

Passage40/100

Modest likelihood: relatively narrow and technical with compromise elements, but faces stakeholder pushback and Senate procedural barriers.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a substantive statutory change that is generally well integrated into the existing Lacey Act framework and specifies core prohibitions and limited exceptions. It provides an implementation trigger and deadline and includes some technical conforming edits.

Contention65/100

Animal welfare and public-health benefits versus property-rights concerns

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Who this appears to help vs burden50% / 50%
StatesFederal agencies
Likely helped
  • Targeted stakeholdersReduces human-primate direct contact, lowering zoonotic disease transmission risks.
  • Targeted stakeholdersImproves primate welfare by restricting private breeding and possession.
  • StatesLikely reduces interstate and international illegal primate trade and trafficking.
Likely burdened
  • Targeted stakeholdersOwners, breeders, and dealers may lose income and jobs from banned sales and breeding.
  • Targeted stakeholdersRegistration and compliance create administrative and financial burdens for owners and sanctuaries.
  • Federal agenciesEnforcement will require federal resources for inspections, seizures, and prosecutions, increasing costs.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Animal welfare and public-health benefits versus property-rights concerns
Progressive90%

Likely broadly supportive because the bill strengthens animal welfare, public safety, and zoonotic disease prevention.

It closes commerce and possession loopholes that enable private ownership and exploitative displays.

Some practical concerns about enforcement and sanctuary funding may be raised, which are speculative based on text.

Leans supportive
Centrist70%

Generally favorable toward the public-safety and animal-welfare goals, but cautious about implementation details.

Will look for clarity on grandfathering, registration mechanics, enforcement costs, and impact on bona fide research and accredited sanctuaries.

Seeks pragmatic fixes rather than ideological fight.

Leans supportive
Conservative25%

Skeptical due to expanded federal restrictions on private property and commerce.

Concerns center on federal overreach, burdens on lawful private owners, small businesses, and sanctuaries, and insufficient grandfathering or compensation.

Some support limited to the public-safety rationale, but overall opposition likely.

Likely resistant
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood40/100

Modest likelihood: relatively narrow and technical with compromise elements, but faces stakeholder pushback and Senate procedural barriers.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • Strength and coordination of exotic‑pet industry lobbying
  • Costs and staffing needs for agency registration and enforcement
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Animal welfare and public-health benefits versus property-rights concerns

Modest likelihood: relatively narrow and technical with compromise elements, but faces stakeholder pushback and Senate procedural barriers.

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a substantive statutory change that is generally well integrated into the existing Lacey Act framework and specifies core prohibitions and limited exceptions. It p…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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