S. Res. 136 (119th)Bill Overview

A resolution affirming the rule of law and the legitimacy of judicial review.

Law|Law
Cosponsors
Support
Democratic
Introduced
Mar 25, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. (text: CR S1837-1838)

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief

This Senate resolution affirms that Article III vests judicial power in the Supreme Court and inferior courts, cites Marbury v.

Madison that courts declare what the law is, states the executive must comply with federal court rulings, and notes the executive may appeal court rulings when authorized by law.

It is a non-binding congressional resolution reaffirming the legitimacy of judicial review and the rule of law.

Passage5/100

Simple Senate resolutions are non‑binding and do not become law; passage in the Senate is plausible but there is no path to enactment as a statute.

CredibilityAligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a clear, narrowly focused declarative resolution that affirms constitutional and judicial principles without creating legal obligations, procedures, or expenditures.

Contention62/100

Progressives see defense of judicial independence; conservative fears executive constraint

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Who this appears to help vs burden50% / 50%
Federal agenciesTargeted stakeholders
Likely helped
  • Targeted stakeholdersReinforces judiciary's constitutional role and judicial review legitimacy.
  • Federal agenciesSignals expectation that the executive comply with federal court orders.
  • Targeted stakeholdersCould strengthen public confidence in separation of powers and rule of law.
Likely burdened
  • Targeted stakeholdersNon-binding resolution imposes no legal changes and may have no practical effect.
  • Targeted stakeholdersMay be viewed as political messaging rather than substantive reform.
  • Targeted stakeholdersCould provoke executive branch pushback or intensified litigation over compliance issues.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Progressives see defense of judicial independence; conservative fears executive constraint
Progressive95%

Likely strongly supportive: views the resolution as a clear defense of judicial independence and checks on executive overreach.

Sees it as important symbolic backing for court authority and obedience to judicial orders.

Leans supportive
Centrist75%

Generally supportive but cautious: accepts the constitutional points and rule-of-law message while viewing this as largely symbolic.

Prefers measured, bipartisan statements and practical steps to address noncompliance.

Leans supportive
Conservative35%

Skeptical or moderately opposed: accepts rule of law in principle but worries the resolution emphasizes judicial primacy in ways that can curb executive discretion.

May view it as partisan or as endorsing judicial supremacy over elected branches.

Likely resistant
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood5/100

Simple Senate resolutions are non‑binding and do not become law; passage in the Senate is plausible but there is no path to enactment as a statute.

Scope and complexity
24%
Scopenarrow
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • Whether Senate leadership will schedule floor action
  • Partisan framing and floor amendments
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Progressives see defense of judicial independence; conservative fears executive constraint

Simple Senate resolutions are non‑binding and do not become law; passage in the Senate is plausible but there is no path to enactment as a…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a clear, narrowly focused declarative resolution that affirms constitutional and judicial principles without creating legal obligations, procedures, or expenditure…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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