H.R. 2188 (119th)Bill Overview

COST Act

Energy|Energy
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Mar 18, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Referred to the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, and in addition to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, i…

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief

The bill requires two federal analyses within one year: (1) the Comptroller General must estimate costs to replace federally owned light-duty gasoline vehicles with electric vehicles (including plug-in hybrids) and with E85-capable flex-fuel ethanol vehicles, including nationwide infrastructure deployment costs; and (2) the Secretary of Energy must use the GREET model to produce lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions analyses for conventional gasoline, E85-capable flex-fuel, and battery electric vehicles and report those findings to relevant congressional committees.

The bill defines E85, Federal fleet, and light-duty vehicle for the analyses.

Passage65/100

Technocratic, low-cost reporting requirements with bipartisan compromise elements make enactment plausible, though legislative calendar and stakeholder politics create uncertainty.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a straightforward reporting mandate that clearly assigns two agencies to produce specific analyses within one year and to publish/report results. It provides a concise scope (costs including infrastructure and lifecycle GHG comparison using GREET) and named recipients for the reports.

Contention30/100

Liberal emphasizes climate and land-use emission concerns

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Who this appears to help vs burden50% / 50%
Federal agenciesTargeted stakeholders
Likely helped
  • Federal agenciesProvides federal decisionmakers with standardized cost estimates for vehicle and infrastructure transitions.
  • Targeted stakeholdersProduces lifecycle greenhouse gas comparisons to inform climate and procurement policy decisions.
  • Federal agenciesMay identify long-term fuel and maintenance savings opportunities for the Federal fleet.
Likely burdened
  • Targeted stakeholdersAnalyses may reveal high near-term procurement and infrastructure costs, creating budgetary pressures.
  • Targeted stakeholdersGREET model inputs and lifecycle assumptions are variable, provoking disputes over emissions conclusions.
  • Targeted stakeholdersPromoting E85 could increase demand for corn ethanol, with potential land use and water consequences.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Liberal emphasizes climate and land-use emission concerns
Progressive70%

Generally supportive of evidence-based lifecycle and cost analysis for federal fleet decarbonization, but wary that comparing E85 with EVs could be used to slow electrification.

Wants the analyses to prioritize true climate impacts and equity, including land-use and grid-decarbonization assumptions.

Leans supportive
Centrist80%

Supports the bill as a pragmatic, data-driven step to inform federal fleet procurement and infrastructure planning.

Sees value in independent GAO cost work and DOE lifecycle modeling, while urging robust sensitivity analyses and transparent assumptions.

Leans supportive
Conservative75%

Likely favorable because it demands fiscal analysis and evaluates domestic biofuel (E85) viability alongside EVs.

Appreciates scrutiny that could prevent costly, premature EV mandates and protect agriculture-linked fuel options, while cautious about taxpayer-funded infrastructure.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood65/100

Technocratic, low-cost reporting requirements with bipartisan compromise elements make enactment plausible, though legislative calendar and stakeholder politics create uncertainty.

Scope and complexity
24%
Scopenarrow
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • No appropriation or cost estimate included
  • Committee action and scheduling timelines
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Liberal emphasizes climate and land-use emission concerns

Technocratic, low-cost reporting requirements with bipartisan compromise elements make enactment plausible, though legislative calendar and…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a straightforward reporting mandate that clearly assigns two agencies to produce specific analyses within one year and to publish/report results. It provides a con…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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