H.R. 3234 (119th)Bill Overview

Keeping Deposits Local Act

Finance and Financial Sector|Bank accounts, deposits, capitalBanking and financial institutions regulation
Sponsor
Cosponsors
Support
Lean Republican
Introduced
May 7, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 314.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

This bill amends Section 29(i) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act to change how much of an agent institution’s reciprocal deposits are excluded from the definition of funds obtained by or through a deposit broker. It sets tiered percentage exclusions: 50% for liabilities up to $1 billion, 40% for the portion between $1 billion and $10 billion, and 30% for the portion between $10 billion and $250 billion.

Why people may split

Progressives emphasize FDIC exposure and CAMELS 3 risk expansion.

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a narrowly targeted substantive statutory amendment that is drafted with high specificity and clear integration into existing law, supplemented by a defined agency study and report requirement.

This bill amends Section 29(i) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act to change how much of an agent institution’s reciprocal deposits are excluded from the definition of funds obtained by or through a deposit broker.

It sets tiered percentage exclusions: 50% for liabilities up to $1 billion, 40% for the portion between $1 billion and $10 billion, and 30% for the portion between $10 billion and $250 billion.

The bill also broadens the definition of eligible agent institutions to include those most recently rated CAMELS 1, 2, or 3, and directs the FDIC, with the Federal Reserve, to study reciprocal deposits and report to Congress within six months.

Passage40/100

Technically narrow but affects deposit insurance incentives; likely to pass House more easily than Senate absent broad regulator support.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a narrowly targeted substantive statutory amendment that is drafted with high specificity and clear integration into existing law, supplemented by a defined agency study and report requirement.

Contention68/100

Progressives emphasize FDIC exposure and CAMELS 3 risk expansion.

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Local governmentsLikely burdened

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Local governmentsAllows more reciprocal deposits to be treated as core funding, supporting local banks' liquidity.
  • Potential benefitMay reduce funding costs by decreasing reliance on higher-priced brokered deposit markets.
  • Local governmentsIncreases capacity for smaller banks to retain deposits locally, potentially supporting community lending.
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenCould increase FDIC insurance exposure if reciprocal deposits behave like brokered funds during stress.
  • Potential burdenMay incentivize use of reciprocal arrangements that can shift rapidly in periods of market stress.
  • Potential burdenExpanding eligible agent institutions to include CAMELS 3 may allow weaker banks greater access to reciprocal deposits.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Progressives emphasize FDIC exposure and CAMELS 3 risk expansion.
Progressive35%

Likely cautious or skeptical.

Support for strengthening community banks and keeping municipal deposits local is recognized, but concerns about increased FDIC exposure and weakened safeguards predominate.

Likely resistant
Centrist65%

Cautiously positive if paired with the mandated study and oversight.

Sees potential benefits for deposit competition and local banks but wants evidence and guardrails against systemic risks.

Split reaction
Conservative85%

Generally supportive.

Views bill as deregulatory, pro-local banking, and helpful to community institutions by reducing regulatory constraints on reciprocal deposits.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood40/100

Technically narrow but affects deposit insurance incentives; likely to pass House more easily than Senate absent broad regulator support.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • FDIC and Federal Reserve stance on safety implications
  • Absent formal cost or risk estimate from CBO or FDIC
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

HOUSE · May 20, 2026
Fast-track passage✓ PassedBipartisanNear-unanimous
2/3 majority required

The House fast-tracked this bill — skipping normal debate — and it passed with a two-thirds majority. It now moves to the Senate.

What is a fast-track passage?

Suspending the rules allows the House to bypass normal debate procedures and pass a bill immediately with a two-thirds vote.

Yes 100% No 0%
Showing a quick cross-section of legislators, with followed members first when available.
06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Progressives emphasize FDIC exposure and CAMELS 3 risk expansion.

Technically narrow but affects deposit insurance incentives; likely to pass House more easily than Senate absent broad regulator support.

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a narrowly targeted substantive statutory amendment that is drafted with high specificity and clear integration into existing law, supplemented by a defined agency…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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