H.R. 4638 (119th)Bill Overview

Federal Working Animal Protection Act

Immigration|Animal protection and human-animal relationshipsBorder security and unlawful immigration
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Jul 23, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief

The bill amends the Immigration and Nationality Act to make any noncitizen who has been convicted of, or who admits committing, acts that meet the essential elements of 18 U.S.C. 1368 (harming animals used in law enforcement) both inadmissible to the United States and deportable.

It adds parallel language to INA inadmissibility (section 212) and deportability (section 237) provisions.

The change applies to convictions or admissions that correspond to the federal offense referenced.

Passage70/100

Narrow, non-controversial change with minimal fiscal impact makes enactment plausible; procedural Senate obstacles and legal questions about 'admissions' add uncertainty.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a concise and legally specific substantive amendment that adds a defined ground for inadmissibility and deportability by direct modification of the INA and cross-reference to the federal criminal statute.

Contention35/100

Progressives focus on due process and family impact

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Who this appears to help vs burden50% / 50%
Targeted stakeholdersTargeted stakeholders
Likely helped
  • Targeted stakeholdersProtects working animals and recognizes harms against law enforcement animals with immigration consequences.
  • Targeted stakeholdersDeters attacks on police and service animals by increasing consequences for noncitizens.
  • Targeted stakeholdersEnhances public safety by potentially reducing incidents that injure handlers or first responders.
Likely burdened
  • Targeted stakeholdersAdmissions without conviction could trigger inadmissibility, raising due process concerns.
  • Targeted stakeholdersExpands grounds for removal, potentially increasing immigration court caseloads and deportations.
  • Targeted stakeholdersMay affect lawful permanent residents and long-term noncitizens with older convictions or admissions.
Congressional Budget Office

CBO cost estimate

The clearest budget scorecard attached to this bill: what it changes for direct spending, revenue, and the deficit.

As reported by the House Committee on the Judiciary on December 12, 2025

03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Progressives focus on due process and family impact
Progressive55%

Supportive of protecting working animals and public safety but wary of expanding immigration enforcement.

Concerned admission-based deportability and criminalization could harm due process and immigrant families.

Wants narrow, proportional implementation and procedural safeguards.

Split reaction
Centrist75%

Generally supportive because it protects public safety and law enforcement resources while imposing limited new immigration consequences.

Wants clarifications to avoid unintended removals and to ensure consistency with state convictions and due process.

Leans supportive
Conservative90%

Strongly favorable: protects police animals, supports law enforcement, and enables removal of foreigners who attack working animals.

Sees the measure as a modest, targeted expansion of immigration enforcement with symbolic and practical value.

Leans supportive
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood70/100

Narrow, non-controversial change with minimal fiscal impact makes enactment plausible; procedural Senate obstacles and legal questions about 'admissions' add uncertainty.

Scope and complexity
24%
Scopenarrow
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • How immigration authorities will interpret or prove an "admission"
  • Potential due-process or statutory-interpretation litigation risk
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Progressives focus on due process and family impact

Narrow, non-controversial change with minimal fiscal impact makes enactment plausible; procedural Senate obstacles and legal questions abou…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a concise and legally specific substantive amendment that adds a defined ground for inadmissibility and deportability by direct modification of the INA and cross-r…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis