S. 1190 (119th)Bill Overview

Coast Guard Improvement Act of 2025

Armed Forces and National Security|Armed Forces and National Security
Cosponsors
Support
Republican
Introduced
Mar 27, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief

The bill creates a new civilian position, the Secretary of the Coast Guard, appointed by the President with Senate confirmation, and embeds that office into the Homeland Security Act and Title 14.

It defines the Secretary's authorities and duties, makes the Commandant subordinate to the Secretary (except when the Coast Guard operates under the Navy), imposes a five‑year post‑service cooling-off for former officers, and requires DHS to submit a reorganization plan within 30 days detailing personnel, asset, and budget transfers and implementation timing.

The measure includes delegation authorities and cross‑reference changes in Titles 10 and 14 to reflect the new office.

Passage45/100

Moderate institutional bill with tangible implementation needs; passage depends on committee buy‑in and executive branch stance rather than raw ideology.

CredibilityPartially aligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a clearly drafted substantive change that specifies statutory amendments and operational authorities for a newly established Secretary of the Coast Guard, with concrete appointment rules and duties and an immediate requirement for a DHS reorganization plan.

Contention65/100

Supporters emphasize civilian accountability and management focus

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Who this appears to help vs burden50% / 50%
Federal agenciesTargeted stakeholders
Likely helped
  • Targeted stakeholdersEstablishes clearer civilian leadership and direct chain of command for Coast Guard management.
  • Targeted stakeholdersConsolidates administrative authorities to potentially improve procurement, budgeting, and personnel decisions.
  • Federal agenciesMay enhance interagency coordination with the Navy, DoD, and DHS through defined reporting relationships.
Likely burdened
  • Targeted stakeholdersReorganization could impose additional administrative costs and transitional expenses for personnel and systems.
  • Targeted stakeholdersMay create overlapping authorities or bureaucratic duplication between the Secretary of Homeland Security and new Secre…
  • Targeted stakeholdersFive-year post-service restriction may limit appointment of recently retired military leaders with operational experien…
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Supporters emphasize civilian accountability and management focus
Progressive80%

Likely broadly favorable: the bill creates a civilian, Senate‑confirmed head focused on Coast Guard management and accountability.

Supporters would see potential to improve oversight, workforce conditions, and policy alignment with broader security and maritime missions, while still remaining under DHS.

Leans supportive
Centrist65%

Cautiously optimistic: the reform clarifies leadership and may improve efficiency, but implementation details matter.

Support hinges on a smooth, well‑resourced transition and clear limits on added costs or operational gaps.

Split reaction
Conservative30%

Skeptical to opposed: the bill creates an additional federal executive post and expands civilian bureaucracy.

Concerns center on cost, federal overreach, and interference with military command when the Coast Guard operates with the Navy.

Likely resistant
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood45/100

Moderate institutional bill with tangible implementation needs; passage depends on committee buy‑in and executive branch stance rather than raw ideology.

Scope and complexity
52%
Scopemoderate
52%
Complexitymedium
Why this could stall
  • Absent cost estimate or budgetary offsets
  • Unknown position of DHS and Defense leadership
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

No vote history yet

The bill has not accumulated any surfaced votes yet.

06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Supporters emphasize civilian accountability and management focus

Moderate institutional bill with tangible implementation needs; passage depends on committee buy‑in and executive branch stance rather than…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a clearly drafted substantive change that specifies statutory amendments and operational authorities for a newly established Secretary of the Coast Guard, with con…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
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