H.R. 1223 (119th)Bill Overview

ANCHOR Act

Science, Technology, Communications|Advanced technology and technological innovationsComputers and information technology
Cosponsors
Support
Bipartisan
Introduced
Feb 12, 2025
Discussions
Bill Text
Current stageCommittee

Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.

Introduced
Committee
Floor
President
Law
Congressional Activities
01 · The brief
Plain-English summaryWhat this bill actually does

Requires the National Science Foundation Director to produce, within 18 months, a plan to improve cybersecurity and telecommunications for the U.S. Academic Research Fleet. The plan must assess network and cybersecurity needs, costs, timelines, potential centralized solutions, and a spending plan involving NSF, Office of Naval Research, and non-Federal owners.

Why people may split

Funding: who pays versus leaving institutions with costs

Watch point

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a well-constructed reporting requirement: it clearly defines purpose, assigns responsibility, enumerates detailed elements for the required plan, specifies consultations and deadlines, and requires a follow-up progress report.

Requires the National Science Foundation Director to produce, within 18 months, a plan to improve cybersecurity and telecommunications for the U.S. Academic Research Fleet.

The plan must assess network and cybersecurity needs, costs, timelines, potential centralized solutions, and a spending plan involving NSF, Office of Naval Research, and non-Federal owners.

It directs alignment with CISA and NIST guidance, consideration of specific operational and scientific use cases, and incorporation of recommendations from the JASON cybersecurity report.

Passage80/100

A narrow, technocratic planning bill with bipartisan appeal and minimal fiscal impact; main obstacles are funding absence and interagency coordination.

CredibilityAligned

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a well-constructed reporting requirement: it clearly defines purpose, assigns responsibility, enumerates detailed elements for the required plan, specifies consultations and deadlines, and requires a follow-up progress report.

Contention25/100

Funding: who pays versus leaving institutions with costs

02 · What it does

Who stands to gain, and who may push back.

Likely benefits vs burdens50% / 50%
Likely helpedFederal agencies · Local governments

These are examples from the analysis, not a ranked list of the most-affected groups.

Likely helped
  • Potential benefitReduces risk of data loss and operational disruption through improved cybersecurity practices.
  • Potential benefitEnables real‑time data transfer, remote expertise, and expanded educational outreach via better communications.
  • Potential benefitConsortial purchasing and centralized services could lower procurement and maintenance costs across the fleet.
Likely burdened
  • Potential burdenUpgrades could increase operating costs and raise daily charter rates for research users.
  • Federal agenciesNon‑Federal owners may incur new compliance, training, and procurement burdens and expenses.
  • Local governmentsCentralization or standardization may reduce local autonomy and flexibility in fleet operations.
03 · Why people split

Why the argument around this bill splits.

Funding: who pays versus leaving institutions with costs
Progressive80%

Likely supportive because the bill aims to strengthen research infrastructure, protect data, and expand access to telemedicine and education.

Main concerns would focus on ensuring sufficient public funding and equitable access for smaller academic institutions.

They may also want strong privacy, labor, and civil‑liberties safeguards.

Leans supportive
Centrist75%

Generally favorable because it addresses clear infrastructure and security gaps, while remaining a planning/reporting bill rather than an immediate spending mandate.

Key cautions include careful cost estimates, phased implementation, and clear allocation of responsibilities to avoid unfunded mandates or duplication.

Leans supportive
Conservative65%

Cautiously supportive of stronger cybersecurity and protecting national interests, but wary of expanded federal oversight and potential costs passed to universities.

Prefer explicit funding sources and safeguards against regulatory overreach and mission creep into non-security research.

Split reaction
04 · Can it pass?

The path through Congress.

Introduced

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Committee

Reached or meaningfully advanced

Floor

Still ahead

President

Still ahead

Law

Still ahead

Passage likelihood80/100

A narrow, technocratic planning bill with bipartisan appeal and minimal fiscal impact; main obstacles are funding absence and interagency coordination.

Scope and complexity
24%
Scopenarrow
24%
Complexitylow
Why this could stall
  • No authorized appropriations included in bill text
  • Accuracy of future cost estimates and funding needs
05 · Recent votes

Recent votes on the bill.

HOUSE · May 20, 2025
Fast-track passage✓ PassedBipartisanNear-unanimous
2/3 majority required

The House fast-tracked this bill — skipping normal debate — and it passed with a two-thirds majority. It now moves to the Senate.

What is a fast-track passage?

Suspending the rules allows the House to bypass normal debate procedures and pass a bill immediately with a two-thirds vote.

Yes 97% No 3%
Against party line
Showing a quick cross-section of legislators, with followed members first when available.
06 · Go deeper

Go deeper than the headline read.

Included on this page

Funding: who pays versus leaving institutions with costs

A narrow, technocratic planning bill with bipartisan appeal and minimal fiscal impact; main obstacles are funding absence and interagency c…

Unlocked analysis

Relative to its intended legislative type, this bill is a well-constructed reporting requirement: it clearly defines purpose, assigns responsibility, enumerates detailed elements for the required plan, specifies consult…

Go beyond the headline summary with full stakeholder mapping, legislative design analysis, passage barriers, and lens-by-lens tradeoff breakdowns.

Perspective breakdownsPassage barriersLegislative design reviewStakeholder impact map
Open full analysis